Аннотация
Костные метастазы являются крайне частыми осложнениями, связанными с некоторыми видами рака, часто негативно влияющими на качество жизни и функциональное состояние пациентов, поэтому раннее выявление необходимо для проведения немедленных лечебных мероприятий, позволяющих снизить риск скелетных осложнений, улучшить выживаемость и качество жизни. Не существует консенсуса или универсального стандартного подхода для выявления метастазов в костях у онкологических больных, основанного на результатах визуализации. Представлен обзор текущего понимания биологических механизмов, посредством которых опухоли распространяются на кость, и описание методов визуализации, доступных для диагностики метастазов в кости и мониторинга их ответа на онкологическое лечение, уделено особое внимание пациентам с раком молочной железы и простаты. Согласно имеющимся в настоящее время данным, возможно использование методов визуализации следующего поколения, включая диффузионно-взвешенную МРТ всего тела, ПЭТ/КТ и ПЭТ/МРТ с новыми радиофармацевтическими препаратами вместо классической комбинации КТ и сцинтиграфии костей.
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