Ключевые слова
вестибулярная мигрень
головокружение
рецидивирующие головокружения
головокружение
рецидивирующие головокружения
Как цитировать
[1]
В. И. Шмырев, А. Л. Лацинова, С. М. Крыжановский, А. В. Лагутин, Д. С. Курильченко, и Л. О. Крупенникова, ВЕСТИБУЛЯРНАЯ МИГРЕНЬ, КМКВ, вып. 2, сс. 50-56, июн. 2021.
Аннотация
Диагностика и лечение головокружения остается сложной задачей для клиницистов, включая неврологов. В последние годы были достигнуты успехи в понимании установленных вестибулярных синдромов и разработке методов лечения существующих вестибулярных диагнозов. Вестибулярная мигрень (ВМ) одна из самых частых причин головокружения у взрослых. Данная патология может поражать от 1 до 3% населения. ВМ диагностируется у пациентов с приступами головокружения с мигренью сейчас или в анамнезе. Эпизоды головокружения при вестибулярной мигрени могут длиться от нескольких минут до нескольких суток. При этом они могут сопровождаться головной болью, а могут быть без нее, что часто затрудняет диагностику. Диагноз вестибулярной мигрени клинический на основании диагностических критерием, нет патогномоничных тестов и биомаркеров. Механизм возникновения вестибулярной мигрени до сих пор не изучен. Лечение вестибулярной мигрени на данный момент основано на рекомендациях по лечению мигрени. Несмотря на наличие четких диагностических критериев, имеет место гиподиагностика данной патологии. Поэтому важно информировать о ней врачей неврологов и врачей смежных специальностей. В будущем требуются исследования для уточнения патофизиологии вестибулярной мигрени и рандомизированные исследования терапии для установления четких рекомендаций по лечению. В данной публикации представлен обзор статей, посвящённых изучению проблемы ВМ, представлены данные о эпидемиологии, установленных патогенетических механизмах, принятых диагностических критериях и методов лечения.Литература
1. Beh S. C. et al. The spectrum of vestibular migraine: clinical features, triggers, and examination findings //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2019. – V 59. – №. 5. – P. 727-740 doi: 101111/ head 13484.
2. Boenheim F. Über familiäre Hemicrania vestibularis //Neurol Centralbl. – 1917. – V. 36. – P. 226-229.
3. Dieterich M., Brandt T. Episodic vertigo related to migraine (90 cases): vestibular migraine? //Journal of neurology. – 1999. – V. 246. – №. 10. – P. 883-892 doi: 10.1007 / s004150050478.
4. Neuhauser H. et al. The interrelations of migraine, vertigo, and migrainous vertigo //Neurology. – 2001. – V. 56. – №. 4. – P. 436-441 doi: 10.1212 / wnl.56.4.436.
5. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society et al. The international classification of headache disorders //cephalalgia. – 2004. – V. 24. – №. 1. – P. 9-160.
6. Phillips J. et al. Migraine and vertigo: a marriage of convenience? //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2010. – V. 50. – №. 8. – P. 1362-1365. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.2010.01745.x.
7. Von Brevern M. et al. Response to: Migraine and vertigo: a marriage of convenience? //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2011. – V. 51. – №. 2. – P. 308-309.
8. Lempert T. et al. Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria //Journal of Vestibular Research. – 2012. – V. 22. – №. 4. – P. 167-172 doi: 10.3233 / VES-2012-0453.
9. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, (beta version) //Cephalalgia. – 2013. – V. 33. – №. 9. – P. 629-808. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102413485658.
10. Colombo B. et al. Vestibular migraine: who is the patient? //Neurological Sciences. – 2017. – V. 38. – №. 1. – P. 107-110. doi: 10.1007 / s10072-017-2882-0.
11. Formeister E. J. et al. The epidemiology of vestibular migraine: a population-based survey study //Otology & Neurotology. – 2018. – V. 39. – №. 8. – P. 1037-1044. doi: 10.1097 / MAO.0000000000001900.
12. Neuhauser H. K. et al. Migrainous vertigo: prevalence and impact on quality of life //Neurology. – 2006. – V. 67. – №. 6. – P. 1028-1033. doi: 10.1212 / 01.wnl.0000237539.09942.06.
13. Cha Y. H., Baloh R. W. Migraine associated vertigo //Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea). – 2007. – V. 3. – №. 3. – P. 121.doi: 10.3988 / jcn.2007.3.3.121.
14. Power L. et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment choice in vestibular migraine //Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. – 2018. – V. 52. – P. 50-53. doi: 10.1016 / j.jocn.2018.02.020.
15. Teggi R. et al. Clinical features, familial history, and migraine precursors in patients with definite vestibular migraine: The VM‐Phenotypes Projects //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2018. – V. 58. – №. 4. – P. 534-544. doi: 10.1111/head.13240.
16. Hilton D. B., Shermetaro C. Migraine-Associated Vertigo (Vestibular Migraine). – 2018.
17. Lempert T., Neuhauser H. Epidemiology of vertigo, migraine and vestibular migraine //Journal of neurology. – 2009. – V. 256. – №. 3. – P. 333-338. doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-0149-2.
18. Furman J. M., Marcus D. A., Balaban C. D. Vestibular migraine: clinical aspects and pathophysiology //The Lancet Neurology. – 2013. – V. 12. – №. 7. – P. 706-715. doi: 10.1016 / S1474-4422 (13) 70107-8.
19. Espinosa-Sanchez J. M., Lopez-Escamez J. A. New insights into pathophysiology of vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2015. – V. 6. – P. 12. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00012.
20. Furman J. M., Balaban C. D. Vestibular migraine //Vestibular Migraine. – 2015. – P. 23. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12645.
21. Russo A. et al. Abnormal thalamic function in patients with vestibular migraine //Neurology. – 2014. – V. 82. – №. 23. – P. 2120-2126. doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0000000000000496.
22. Messina R. et al. Structural brain abnormalities in patients with vestibular migraine //Journal of neurology. – 2017. – V. 264. – №. 2. – P. 295-303. doi: 10.1007 / s00415-016-8349-z.
23. Shin J. H. et al. Altered brain metabolism in vestibular migraine: comparison of interictal and ictal findings //Cephalalgia. – 2014. – V. 34. – №. 1. – P. 58-67. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102413498940.
24. Cherian N. Vertigo as a migraine phenomenon //Current neurology and neuroscience reports. – 2013. – V. 13. – №. 4. – P. 343.
25. Balaban C. D., Black R. D., Silberstein S. D. Vestibular neuroscience for the headache specialist //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2019. – V. 59. – №. 7. – P. 1109-1127. doi: 10.1111 / head.13550.
26. Makowiec K. F. et al. Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with vestibular migraine //Otology & Neurotology. – 2018. – V. 39. – №. 7. – P. e561-e567. doi: 10.1097 / MAO.0000000000001880.
27. Cutrer F. M., Baloh R. W. Migraine‐associated dizziness //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 1992. – V. 32. – №. 6. – P. 300-304. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.1992.hed3206300.x.
28. Von Brevern M. et al. Acute migrainous vertigo: clinical and oculographic findings //Brain. – 2005. – V. 128. – №. 2. – P. 365-374. doi: 10.1093 / brain / awh351.
29. Jen J., Baloh R. Familial Episodic Ataxia //Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. – 2009. – V. 1164. – №. 1. – P. 252-256. doi: 10.1111 / j.1749-6632.2008.03723.x.
30. Lee H. et al. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a large family with migraine‐associated vertigo //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2008. – V. 48. – №. 10. – P. 1460-1467. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.2007.01002.x.
31. 31. Bahmad Jr F. et al. Locus for familial migrainous vertigo disease maps to chromosome 5q35 //Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. – 2009. – V. 118. – №. 9. – P. 670-676. doi: 10.1177 / 000348940911800912.
32. Oh E. H. et al. TRPM7 as a candidate gene for vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2020. – V. 11. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.595042.
33. Cho S. J. et al. Vestibular migraine in multicenter neurology clinics according to the appendix criteria in the third beta edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders //Cephalalgia. – 2016. – V. 36. – №. 5. – P. 454-462. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102415597890.
34. Sharon J. D., Hullar T. E. Motion sensitivity and caloric responsiveness in vestibular migraine and Meniere's disease //The Laryngoscope. – 2014. – V. 124. – №. 4. – P. 969-973. doi: 10.1002 / lary.24285.
35. Blödow A. et al. Caloric stimulation and video-head impulse testing in Ménière’s disease and vestibular migraine //Acta oto-laryngologica. – 2014. – V. 134. – №. 12. – P. 1239-1244. doi: 10.3109 / 00016489.2014.939300.
36. Hong S. M. et al. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in migrainous vertigo //Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery. – 2011. – V. 144. – №. 2. – P. 284-287. doi: 10.1177 / 0194599810391755.
37. Murofushi T. et al. Does migraine-associated vertigo share a common pathophysiology with Meniere's disease? Study with vestibular-evoked myogenic potential //Cephalalgia. – 2009. – V. 29. – №. 12. – P. 1259-1266. doi: 10.1111 / j.1468-2982.2009.01860.x.
38. Gorski L. P. et al. Body balance at static posturography in vestibular migraine //Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. – 2019. – V. 85. – №. 2. – P. 183-192. doi: 10.1016 / j.bjorl.2017.12.001.
39. Obermann M. et al. Central vestibular system modulation in vestibular migraine //Cephalalgia. – 2014. – V. 34. – №. 13. – P. 1053-1061. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102414527650.
40. Liu Y. F., Xu H. The intimate relationship between vestibular migraine and Meniere disease: a review of pathogenesis and presentation //Behavioural neurology. – 2016. – V. 2016. doi: 10.1155 / 2016/3182735.
41. Espinosa-Sanchez J. M., Lopez-Escamez J. A. Menière's disease //Handbook of clinical neurology. – 2016. – V. 137. – P. 257-277. doi: 10.1016 / B978-0-444-63437-5.00019-4.
42. Belinchon A., Perez-Garrigues H., Tenias J. M. Evolution of symptoms in Ménière’s disease //Audiology and Neurotology. – 2012. – V. 17. – №. 2. – P. 126-132. doi: 10.1159 / 000331945.
43. Beh S. C. Horizontal Direction‐Changing Positional Nystagmus and Vertigo: A Case of Vestibular Migraine Masquerading as Horizontal Canal BPPV //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2018. – V. 58. – №. 7. – P. 1113-1117. doi: 10.1111 / head.13356.
44. Lee S. H. et al. Effect of prophylactic medication on associated dizziness and motion sickness in migraine //Otology & Neurotology. – 2018. – V. 39. – №. 1. – P. e45-e51. doi: 10.1097 / MAO.0000000000001628.
45. Maione A. Migraine‐related vertigo: Diagnostic criteria and prophylactic treatment //The Laryngoscope. – 2006. – V. 116. – №. 10. – P. 1782-1786. doi: 10.1097 / 01.mlg.0000231302.77922.c5.
46. Byun Y. J. et al. Treatment of Vestibular Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis //The Laryngoscope. – 2021. – V. 131. – №. 1. – P. 186-194. doi: 10.1002 / lary.28546.
47. Akdal G. Vestibular migraine //Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi. – 2013. – V. 50. – №. Suppl 1. – P. S56. doi: 10.4274 / Npa.y7300.
48. Neuhauser H. et al. Zolmitriptan for treatment of migrainous vertigo: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial //Neurology. – 2003. – V. 60. – №. 5. – P. 882-883. doi: 10.1212 / 01.wnl.0000049476.40047.a3.
49. Obermann M., Strupp M. Current treatment options in vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2014. – V. 5. – P. 257. doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2014.00257.
50. Furman J. M., Marcus D. A., Balaban C. D. Rizatriptan reduces vestibular-induced motion sickness in migraineurs //The journal of headache and pain. – 2011. – V. 12. – №. 1. – P. 81-88. doi: 10.1007 / s10194-010-0250-z.
51. Bikhazi P., Jackson C., Ruckenstein M. J. Efficacy of antimigrainous therapy in the treatment of migraine-associated dizziness //The American journal of otology. – 1997. – V. 18. – №. 3. – P. 350-354.
52. Sohn J. H. Recent advances in the understanding of vestibular migraine //Behavioural neurology. – 2016. – V. 2016. doi: 10.1155 / 2016/1801845.
53. Prakash S., Shah N. D. Migrainous vertigo responsive to intravenous methylprednisolone //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2009. – V. 49. – №. 8. – P. 1235-1239. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.2009.01474.x.
54. Beh S. C., Friedman D. I. Acute vestibular migraine treatment with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation //Neurology. – 2019. – V. 93. – №. 18. – P. e1715-e1719. doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0000000000008388.
55. Zhang Y. et al. International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta-based field testing of vestibular migraine in China: Demographic, clinical characteristics, audiometric findings and diagnosis statues //Cephalalgia. – 2016. – V. 3. – №. 3. – P. 240-248. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102415587704.
56. Domínguez-Durán E. et al. Analysis of the effectiveness of the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine depending on the diagnostic category and the prescribed drug //European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. – 2020. – V. 277. – №. 4. – P. 1013-1021. doi: 10.1007 / s00405-020-05802-5.
57. Yuan Q. et al. Flunarizine in the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine: a randomized controlled trial //Lin Chuang er bi yan hou tou Jing wai ke za zhi= Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery. – 2016. – V. 30. – №. 10. – P. 805-810. doi: 10.13201 / j.issn.1001-1781.2016.10.012
58. Lepcha A. et al. Flunarizine in the prophylaxis of migrainous vertigo: a randomized controlled trial //European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. – 2014. – V. 271. – №. 11. – P. 2931-2936. doi: 10.1007 / s00405-013-2786-4.
59. Çelebisoy N. et al. Acetazolamide in vestibular migraine prophylaxis: a retrospective study //European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. – 2016. – V. 273. – №. 10. – P. 2947-2951. doi: 10.1007 / s00405-015-3874-4.
60. Liu F. et al. The efficacy of venlafaxine, flunarizine, and valproic acid in the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2017. – V. 8. – P. 524. doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2017.00524.
61. Salmito M. C. et al. Prophylactic treatment of vestibular migraine //Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. – 2017. – V. 83. – №. 4. – P. 404-410. doi: 10.1016 / j.bjorl.2016.04.022.
62. Çelik O. et al. The effectiveness of medical prophylactic treatment on vestibular migraine and its effect on the quality of life //The journal of international advanced otology. – 2020. – V. 16. – №. 1. – P. 28. doi: 10.5152 / iao.2019.6522.
63. Salviz M. et al. Propranolol and venlafaxine for vestibular migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial //The Laryngoscope. – 2016. – V. 126. – №. 1. – P. 169-174. doi: 10.1002 / lary.25445.
64. Lapira A. Vestibular migraine treatment and prevention //HNO. – 2019. – V. 67. – №. 6. – P. 425-428. doi: 10.1007/s00106-019-0661-3.
65. Alghadir A. H., Anwer S. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation in the management of a vestibular migraine: a review //Frontiers in neurology. – 2018. – V. 9. – P. 440.doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2018.00440.
66. Sugaya N., Arai M., Goto F. Is the headache in patients with vestibular migraine attenuated by vestibular rehabilitation? //Frontiers in neurology. – 2017. – V. 8. – P. 124. doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2017.00124.
67. Kong W. J. et al. Ultrastructural evaluation of calcitonin gene‐related peptide immunoreactivity in the human cochlea and vestibular endorgans //European Journal of Neuroscience. – 2002. – V. 15. – №. 3. – P. 487-497. doi: 10.1046 / j.0953-816x.2001.01880.x.
2. Boenheim F. Über familiäre Hemicrania vestibularis //Neurol Centralbl. – 1917. – V. 36. – P. 226-229.
3. Dieterich M., Brandt T. Episodic vertigo related to migraine (90 cases): vestibular migraine? //Journal of neurology. – 1999. – V. 246. – №. 10. – P. 883-892 doi: 10.1007 / s004150050478.
4. Neuhauser H. et al. The interrelations of migraine, vertigo, and migrainous vertigo //Neurology. – 2001. – V. 56. – №. 4. – P. 436-441 doi: 10.1212 / wnl.56.4.436.
5. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society et al. The international classification of headache disorders //cephalalgia. – 2004. – V. 24. – №. 1. – P. 9-160.
6. Phillips J. et al. Migraine and vertigo: a marriage of convenience? //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2010. – V. 50. – №. 8. – P. 1362-1365. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.2010.01745.x.
7. Von Brevern M. et al. Response to: Migraine and vertigo: a marriage of convenience? //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2011. – V. 51. – №. 2. – P. 308-309.
8. Lempert T. et al. Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria //Journal of Vestibular Research. – 2012. – V. 22. – №. 4. – P. 167-172 doi: 10.3233 / VES-2012-0453.
9. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, (beta version) //Cephalalgia. – 2013. – V. 33. – №. 9. – P. 629-808. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102413485658.
10. Colombo B. et al. Vestibular migraine: who is the patient? //Neurological Sciences. – 2017. – V. 38. – №. 1. – P. 107-110. doi: 10.1007 / s10072-017-2882-0.
11. Formeister E. J. et al. The epidemiology of vestibular migraine: a population-based survey study //Otology & Neurotology. – 2018. – V. 39. – №. 8. – P. 1037-1044. doi: 10.1097 / MAO.0000000000001900.
12. Neuhauser H. K. et al. Migrainous vertigo: prevalence and impact on quality of life //Neurology. – 2006. – V. 67. – №. 6. – P. 1028-1033. doi: 10.1212 / 01.wnl.0000237539.09942.06.
13. Cha Y. H., Baloh R. W. Migraine associated vertigo //Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea). – 2007. – V. 3. – №. 3. – P. 121.doi: 10.3988 / jcn.2007.3.3.121.
14. Power L. et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment choice in vestibular migraine //Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. – 2018. – V. 52. – P. 50-53. doi: 10.1016 / j.jocn.2018.02.020.
15. Teggi R. et al. Clinical features, familial history, and migraine precursors in patients with definite vestibular migraine: The VM‐Phenotypes Projects //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2018. – V. 58. – №. 4. – P. 534-544. doi: 10.1111/head.13240.
16. Hilton D. B., Shermetaro C. Migraine-Associated Vertigo (Vestibular Migraine). – 2018.
17. Lempert T., Neuhauser H. Epidemiology of vertigo, migraine and vestibular migraine //Journal of neurology. – 2009. – V. 256. – №. 3. – P. 333-338. doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-0149-2.
18. Furman J. M., Marcus D. A., Balaban C. D. Vestibular migraine: clinical aspects and pathophysiology //The Lancet Neurology. – 2013. – V. 12. – №. 7. – P. 706-715. doi: 10.1016 / S1474-4422 (13) 70107-8.
19. Espinosa-Sanchez J. M., Lopez-Escamez J. A. New insights into pathophysiology of vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2015. – V. 6. – P. 12. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00012.
20. Furman J. M., Balaban C. D. Vestibular migraine //Vestibular Migraine. – 2015. – P. 23. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12645.
21. Russo A. et al. Abnormal thalamic function in patients with vestibular migraine //Neurology. – 2014. – V. 82. – №. 23. – P. 2120-2126. doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0000000000000496.
22. Messina R. et al. Structural brain abnormalities in patients with vestibular migraine //Journal of neurology. – 2017. – V. 264. – №. 2. – P. 295-303. doi: 10.1007 / s00415-016-8349-z.
23. Shin J. H. et al. Altered brain metabolism in vestibular migraine: comparison of interictal and ictal findings //Cephalalgia. – 2014. – V. 34. – №. 1. – P. 58-67. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102413498940.
24. Cherian N. Vertigo as a migraine phenomenon //Current neurology and neuroscience reports. – 2013. – V. 13. – №. 4. – P. 343.
25. Balaban C. D., Black R. D., Silberstein S. D. Vestibular neuroscience for the headache specialist //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2019. – V. 59. – №. 7. – P. 1109-1127. doi: 10.1111 / head.13550.
26. Makowiec K. F. et al. Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with vestibular migraine //Otology & Neurotology. – 2018. – V. 39. – №. 7. – P. e561-e567. doi: 10.1097 / MAO.0000000000001880.
27. Cutrer F. M., Baloh R. W. Migraine‐associated dizziness //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 1992. – V. 32. – №. 6. – P. 300-304. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.1992.hed3206300.x.
28. Von Brevern M. et al. Acute migrainous vertigo: clinical and oculographic findings //Brain. – 2005. – V. 128. – №. 2. – P. 365-374. doi: 10.1093 / brain / awh351.
29. Jen J., Baloh R. Familial Episodic Ataxia //Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. – 2009. – V. 1164. – №. 1. – P. 252-256. doi: 10.1111 / j.1749-6632.2008.03723.x.
30. Lee H. et al. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a large family with migraine‐associated vertigo //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2008. – V. 48. – №. 10. – P. 1460-1467. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.2007.01002.x.
31. 31. Bahmad Jr F. et al. Locus for familial migrainous vertigo disease maps to chromosome 5q35 //Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. – 2009. – V. 118. – №. 9. – P. 670-676. doi: 10.1177 / 000348940911800912.
32. Oh E. H. et al. TRPM7 as a candidate gene for vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2020. – V. 11. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.595042.
33. Cho S. J. et al. Vestibular migraine in multicenter neurology clinics according to the appendix criteria in the third beta edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders //Cephalalgia. – 2016. – V. 36. – №. 5. – P. 454-462. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102415597890.
34. Sharon J. D., Hullar T. E. Motion sensitivity and caloric responsiveness in vestibular migraine and Meniere's disease //The Laryngoscope. – 2014. – V. 124. – №. 4. – P. 969-973. doi: 10.1002 / lary.24285.
35. Blödow A. et al. Caloric stimulation and video-head impulse testing in Ménière’s disease and vestibular migraine //Acta oto-laryngologica. – 2014. – V. 134. – №. 12. – P. 1239-1244. doi: 10.3109 / 00016489.2014.939300.
36. Hong S. M. et al. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in migrainous vertigo //Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery. – 2011. – V. 144. – №. 2. – P. 284-287. doi: 10.1177 / 0194599810391755.
37. Murofushi T. et al. Does migraine-associated vertigo share a common pathophysiology with Meniere's disease? Study with vestibular-evoked myogenic potential //Cephalalgia. – 2009. – V. 29. – №. 12. – P. 1259-1266. doi: 10.1111 / j.1468-2982.2009.01860.x.
38. Gorski L. P. et al. Body balance at static posturography in vestibular migraine //Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. – 2019. – V. 85. – №. 2. – P. 183-192. doi: 10.1016 / j.bjorl.2017.12.001.
39. Obermann M. et al. Central vestibular system modulation in vestibular migraine //Cephalalgia. – 2014. – V. 34. – №. 13. – P. 1053-1061. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102414527650.
40. Liu Y. F., Xu H. The intimate relationship between vestibular migraine and Meniere disease: a review of pathogenesis and presentation //Behavioural neurology. – 2016. – V. 2016. doi: 10.1155 / 2016/3182735.
41. Espinosa-Sanchez J. M., Lopez-Escamez J. A. Menière's disease //Handbook of clinical neurology. – 2016. – V. 137. – P. 257-277. doi: 10.1016 / B978-0-444-63437-5.00019-4.
42. Belinchon A., Perez-Garrigues H., Tenias J. M. Evolution of symptoms in Ménière’s disease //Audiology and Neurotology. – 2012. – V. 17. – №. 2. – P. 126-132. doi: 10.1159 / 000331945.
43. Beh S. C. Horizontal Direction‐Changing Positional Nystagmus and Vertigo: A Case of Vestibular Migraine Masquerading as Horizontal Canal BPPV //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2018. – V. 58. – №. 7. – P. 1113-1117. doi: 10.1111 / head.13356.
44. Lee S. H. et al. Effect of prophylactic medication on associated dizziness and motion sickness in migraine //Otology & Neurotology. – 2018. – V. 39. – №. 1. – P. e45-e51. doi: 10.1097 / MAO.0000000000001628.
45. Maione A. Migraine‐related vertigo: Diagnostic criteria and prophylactic treatment //The Laryngoscope. – 2006. – V. 116. – №. 10. – P. 1782-1786. doi: 10.1097 / 01.mlg.0000231302.77922.c5.
46. Byun Y. J. et al. Treatment of Vestibular Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis //The Laryngoscope. – 2021. – V. 131. – №. 1. – P. 186-194. doi: 10.1002 / lary.28546.
47. Akdal G. Vestibular migraine //Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi. – 2013. – V. 50. – №. Suppl 1. – P. S56. doi: 10.4274 / Npa.y7300.
48. Neuhauser H. et al. Zolmitriptan for treatment of migrainous vertigo: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial //Neurology. – 2003. – V. 60. – №. 5. – P. 882-883. doi: 10.1212 / 01.wnl.0000049476.40047.a3.
49. Obermann M., Strupp M. Current treatment options in vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2014. – V. 5. – P. 257. doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2014.00257.
50. Furman J. M., Marcus D. A., Balaban C. D. Rizatriptan reduces vestibular-induced motion sickness in migraineurs //The journal of headache and pain. – 2011. – V. 12. – №. 1. – P. 81-88. doi: 10.1007 / s10194-010-0250-z.
51. Bikhazi P., Jackson C., Ruckenstein M. J. Efficacy of antimigrainous therapy in the treatment of migraine-associated dizziness //The American journal of otology. – 1997. – V. 18. – №. 3. – P. 350-354.
52. Sohn J. H. Recent advances in the understanding of vestibular migraine //Behavioural neurology. – 2016. – V. 2016. doi: 10.1155 / 2016/1801845.
53. Prakash S., Shah N. D. Migrainous vertigo responsive to intravenous methylprednisolone //Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. – 2009. – V. 49. – №. 8. – P. 1235-1239. doi: 10.1111 / j.1526-4610.2009.01474.x.
54. Beh S. C., Friedman D. I. Acute vestibular migraine treatment with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation //Neurology. – 2019. – V. 93. – №. 18. – P. e1715-e1719. doi: 10.1212 / WNL.0000000000008388.
55. Zhang Y. et al. International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta-based field testing of vestibular migraine in China: Demographic, clinical characteristics, audiometric findings and diagnosis statues //Cephalalgia. – 2016. – V. 3. – №. 3. – P. 240-248. doi: 10.1177 / 0333102415587704.
56. Domínguez-Durán E. et al. Analysis of the effectiveness of the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine depending on the diagnostic category and the prescribed drug //European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. – 2020. – V. 277. – №. 4. – P. 1013-1021. doi: 10.1007 / s00405-020-05802-5.
57. Yuan Q. et al. Flunarizine in the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine: a randomized controlled trial //Lin Chuang er bi yan hou tou Jing wai ke za zhi= Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery. – 2016. – V. 30. – №. 10. – P. 805-810. doi: 10.13201 / j.issn.1001-1781.2016.10.012
58. Lepcha A. et al. Flunarizine in the prophylaxis of migrainous vertigo: a randomized controlled trial //European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. – 2014. – V. 271. – №. 11. – P. 2931-2936. doi: 10.1007 / s00405-013-2786-4.
59. Çelebisoy N. et al. Acetazolamide in vestibular migraine prophylaxis: a retrospective study //European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. – 2016. – V. 273. – №. 10. – P. 2947-2951. doi: 10.1007 / s00405-015-3874-4.
60. Liu F. et al. The efficacy of venlafaxine, flunarizine, and valproic acid in the prophylaxis of vestibular migraine //Frontiers in neurology. – 2017. – V. 8. – P. 524. doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2017.00524.
61. Salmito M. C. et al. Prophylactic treatment of vestibular migraine //Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. – 2017. – V. 83. – №. 4. – P. 404-410. doi: 10.1016 / j.bjorl.2016.04.022.
62. Çelik O. et al. The effectiveness of medical prophylactic treatment on vestibular migraine and its effect on the quality of life //The journal of international advanced otology. – 2020. – V. 16. – №. 1. – P. 28. doi: 10.5152 / iao.2019.6522.
63. Salviz M. et al. Propranolol and venlafaxine for vestibular migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial //The Laryngoscope. – 2016. – V. 126. – №. 1. – P. 169-174. doi: 10.1002 / lary.25445.
64. Lapira A. Vestibular migraine treatment and prevention //HNO. – 2019. – V. 67. – №. 6. – P. 425-428. doi: 10.1007/s00106-019-0661-3.
65. Alghadir A. H., Anwer S. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation in the management of a vestibular migraine: a review //Frontiers in neurology. – 2018. – V. 9. – P. 440.doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2018.00440.
66. Sugaya N., Arai M., Goto F. Is the headache in patients with vestibular migraine attenuated by vestibular rehabilitation? //Frontiers in neurology. – 2017. – V. 8. – P. 124. doi: 10.3389 / fneur.2017.00124.
67. Kong W. J. et al. Ultrastructural evaluation of calcitonin gene‐related peptide immunoreactivity in the human cochlea and vestibular endorgans //European Journal of Neuroscience. – 2002. – V. 15. – №. 3. – P. 487-497. doi: 10.1046 / j.0953-816x.2001.01880.x.